| 背景 | Ninjurin-1 (NINJ1) is a ~16 kDa protein. Effector of various programmed cell death, such as pyroptosis and necroptosis, which mediates plasma membrane rupture (cytolysis). Oligomerizes in response to death stimuli and forms ring-like structures on the plasma membrane: acts by cutting and shedding membrane disks, like a cookie cutter, leading to membrane damage and loss that cannot be repaired by the cell. Plasma membrane rupture leads to release intracellular molecules named damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that propagate the inflammatory response. Mechanistically, mediates plasma membrane rupture by introducing hydrophilic faces of 2 alpha helices into the hydrophobic membrane. Induces plasma membrane rupture downstream of Gasdermin (GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD, or GSDME) or MLKL during pyroptosis or necroptosis, respectively. |
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