ELISA, Immunogen, SDS-PAGE, WB, Bioactivity testing in progress
种属
Mus musculus (Mouse)
性质
Recombinant
内毒素水平
Please contact with the lab for this information.
纯度
>90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
状态
Lyophilized
保存溶液
Lyophilized from a solution in PBS pH 7.4, 1 mM EDTA, 4% Trehalose, 1% Mannitol.
Please refer to the specific buffer information in the hardcopy of datasheet or the lot-specific COA.
重悬
Reconstitute in sterile water for a stock solution. A copy of datasheet will be provided with the products, please refer to it for details.
运输
In general, proteins are provided as lyophilized powder/frozen liquid. They are shipped out with dry ice/blue ice unless customers require otherwise.
稳定性和存储
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles. Store at 2 to 8°C for frequent use. Store at -20 to -80°C for twelve months from the date of receipt.
Growth/differentiation factor 15 is a ~33 kDa protein. Hormone produced in response to various stresses to confer information about those stresses to the brain, and trigger an aversive response, characterized by nausea and/or loss of appetite. The aversive response is both required to reduce continuing exposure to those stresses at the time of exposure and to promote avoidance behavior in the future. Acts by binding to its receptor, GFRAL, activating GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem. It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which constitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes responses to stressful conditions. The GDF15-GFRAL signal induces expression of genes involved in metabolism, such as lipid metabolism in adipose tissues.
1. Tsai, VW. et al. (2013) PloS one 8, e55174. PMID: 23468844
2. Chung, HK. et al. (2017) The Journal of cell biology 216, 149-165. PMID: 27986797
3. Wang, T. et al. (2017) EMBO molecular medicine 9, 1150-1164. PMID: 28572090
4. Mullican, SE. et al. (2017) Nature medicine 23, 1150-1157. PMID: 28846097
5. Emmerson, PJ. et al. (2017) Nature medicine 23, 1215-1219. PMID: 28846098
6. Yang, L. et al. (2017) Nature medicine 23, 1158-1166. PMID: 28846099
