截至2025年8月5日，欧洲疾病预防控制中心（ECDC）记录了自2012年以来全球确认的2,639例MERS-CoV病例，以及957例相关死亡病例，病死率约为36%。根据世界卫生组织东地中海区域办事处（WHO EMRO）的统计，到2025年7月，全球报告病例为2,627例，死亡947例。大多数感染发生在沙特阿拉伯，主要与单峰骆驼接触和医疗机构传播有关。2025年3月1日至4月21日期间，沙特阿拉伯新增9例病例，这突显了病毒持续引发零星爆发和医院聚集性感染的潜在风险。
图1 来自Peeri et al. 2020 - MERS-CoV、SARS和COVID-19的空间分布，展示全球流行病学对比。
MERS-CoV是一种β冠状病毒，其刺突（S）蛋白由S1（含受体结合域，RBD）和S2亚单位组成，与DPP4/CD26受体结合，介导宿主细胞进入和膜融合。2025年《自然》杂志的一项研究报告称，貂冠状病毒（MRCoV，属于Merbecovirus属）可利用ACE2受体进入多种动物和人类细胞类型，提示Merbecovirus可能存在跨宿主传播风险。
图2 来自Viruses 2019, 11, 60 - MERS-CoV基因组与结构图，突出显示S1（RBD）和S2亚单位。
| 组成部分 | 描述 | 功能 |
|---|---|---|
| Spike (S) Protein | 含有S1（RBD）和S2亚单位的表面糖蛋白 | 与DPP4受体结合；促进膜融合和进入 |
| Envelope (E) Protein | 小型跨膜蛋白 | 参与病毒组装和释放 |
| Membrane (M) Protein | 整合膜蛋白 | 塑造病毒包膜；促进组装 |
| Nucleocapsid (N) Protein | 与RNA基因组结合 | 保护基因组；协助包装和复制 |
| Non-structural Proteins (nsp1-16) | 由ORF1a/b编码 | 形成复制-转录复合物；调节宿主反应 |
| Accessory Proteins (ORF3,4a,4b,5,8b) | 病毒特异性蛋白 | 干扰宿主免疫；增强毒力 |
MERS-CoV感染可导致严重的肺炎和急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS），原因通常是过度炎症反应，称为“细胞因子风暴”。关键免疫因子包括：
| 细胞因子/生物标志物 | 病理机制中的作用 | 相互作用/效应 |
|---|---|---|
| IL-6 | 引发细胞因子风暴并促进炎症 | 激活JAK/STAT3信号通路；提升CRP；导致组织损伤 |
| TNFα | 放大炎症反应 | 与IL-6协同作用；损伤肺泡和血管内皮 |
| IFNγ | 抗病毒免疫必需，但过量会加重病理 | 过度刺激T细胞反应；增强细胞因子释放 |
| CRP | 系统性炎症的生物标志物 | 与疾病严重程度相关；有助于预后 |
2025年《自然》杂志研究表明，类似MERS-CoV的貂冠状病毒（MRCoV）使用ACE2受体，提示可能存在跨宿主传播风险，这可能影响病理机制动态。
图3 来自Peeri et al. 2020 - MERS、SARS和COVID-19的病理机制对比信息图。
| 疫苗类型 | 开发者/合作者 | 主要发现 | 阶段 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanoparticle Vaccine | Uvax Bio / CEPI | $2.6M funding to advance 1c-SApNP® technology; elicits strong immune responses | Preclinical | CEPI, 2025 |
| S2 Subunit Vaccine | Halfmann et al., npj Viruses 2025 | Elicits cross-reactive antibodies, partial protection against MERS-CoV | Preclinical | Halfmann et al., 2025 |
| Broadly Protective Vaccine | CEPI-NIAID | Ongoing since 2022, targets broad-spectrum protection against coronaviruses | Research and Development | CEPI Portfolio |
| DNA Vaccine | Muthumani et al. | Induced strong neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses in animal models | Preclinical | Sci Transl Med, 2015 |
图4 来自Wang et al. 2025 - MRCoV使用ACE2进行细胞进入，说明受体使用和跨物种疫苗设计的影响。
abinScience提供全面的MERS-CoV研究用重组蛋白和抗体目录，支持ELISA、中和实验、Western Blot和流式细胞术等应用。
| 目录编号 | 产品名称 |
|---|---|
| VK543012 | Recombinant MERS-CoV N/Nucleoprotein Protein, N-His |
| VK800011 | Recombinant MERS-CoV S/Spike Glycoprotein Protein, C-His |
| VK483011 | Recombinant MERS-CoV S/Spike Glycoprotein (RBD) Protein, No tag |
| VK800021 | Recombinant MERS-CoV S/Spike Glycoprotein (NTD) Protein, C-His |
| VK800012 | Recombinant MERS-CoV Spike Glycoprotein NTD Protein, N-His |
| VK800022 | Recombinant MERS-CoV Spike Glycoprotein RBD Protein, N-His |
| VK073012 | Recombinant MERS-CoV Membrane Protein, N-His |
| VK073022 | Recombinant MERS-CoV Envelope Protein, N-GST & C-His |
| VK073032 | Recombinant MERS-CoV ORF4b Protein, N-His |
| VK073042 | Recombinant MERS-CoV ORF5 Protein, N-His |
| VK073052 | Recombinant MERS-CoV ORF4a Protein, N-His |
| VK073062 | Recombinant MERS-CoV ORF3 Protein, N-GST & C-His |
| VK072012 | Recombinant MERS-CoV nsp1 Protein, N-His |
| VK072022 | Recombinant MERS-CoV nsp2 Protein, N-His |
| VK072032 | Recombinant MERS-CoV nsp3 Protein, N-His |
| VK072042 | Recombinant MERS-CoV nsp4 Protein, N-His |
| VK072052 | Recombinant MERS-CoV nsp5 Protein, N-His |
| VK072062 | Recombinant MERS-CoV nsp6 Protein, N-GST & C-His |
| VK072072 | Recombinant MERS-CoV nsp7 Protein, N-His |
| VK072082 | Recombinant MERS-CoV nsp8 Protein, N-His |
| VK072092 | Recombinant MERS-CoV nsp9 Protein, N-His |
| VK072102 | Recombinant MERS-CoV nsp10 Protein, N-His |
| 目录编号 | 产品名称 |
|---|---|
| VK800016 | Research Grade Anti-MERS-CoV RBD Antibody (REGN3051) |
| VK800026 | Research Grade Anti-MERS-CoV Spike Protein Antibody (3A1) |
| VK800010 | InVivoMAb Anti-MERS-CoV RBD Antibody (S41) |
| VK800020 | InVivoMAb Anti-MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain/S1-NTD Antibody (G2) |
| VK800030 | InVivoMAb Anti-MERS-CoV RBD Antibody (D12) |
| VK800040 | InVivoMAb Anti-MERS-CoV RBD Antibody (4C2) |
| VK800050 | InVivoMAb Anti-MERS-CoV RBD Antibody (m336) |
| VK800013 | Anti-MERS-CoV RBD Antibody (AT2F7) |
| VK800023 | Anti-MERS-CoV RBD Antibody (JC57-14) |
| VK800033 | Anti-MERS-CoV RBD Antibody (CDC2-C2) |
| VK800043 | Anti-MERS-CoV RBD Antibody (MCA1) |
| VK800053 | Anti-MERS-CoV S2 Protein Antibody (G4) |
| VK800063 | Anti-MERS-CoV S2 Protein Antibody (MERS-27) |
| VK800073 | Anti-MERS-CoV RBD Antibody (LCA60) |
| VK800083 | Anti-MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain/S1-NTD Antibody (7D10) |
| VK800093 | Anti-MERS-CoV RBD Antibody (4V2) |
| VK800060 | InVivoMAb Anti-MERS-CoV S/Spike glycoprotein Antibody (2E6#) |
| VK749050 | InVivoMAb Anti-MERS-CoV S2/Spike glycoprotein 2 Antibody (1.6C7) |
| VK800103 | Anti-MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain/S1-NTD Antibody (KNIH-88) |
| VK800113 | Anti-MERS-CoV RBD Nanobody (VHH-55) |
| VK543014 | Anti-MERS-CoV Nucleoprotein Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK800014 | Anti-MERS-CoV Spike Glycoprotein NTD Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK800024 | Anti-MERS-CoV Spike Glycoprotein RBD Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK073014 | Anti-MERS-CoV Membrane Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK073024 | Anti-MERS-CoV Envelope Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK073034 | Anti-MERS-CoV ORF4b Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK073044 | Anti-MERS-CoV ORF5 Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK073054 | Anti-MERS-CoV ORF4a Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK073064 | Anti-MERS-CoV ORF3 Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK072014 | Anti-MERS-CoV nsp1 Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK072024 | Anti-MERS-CoV nsp2 Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK072034 | Anti-MERS-CoV nsp3 Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK072044 | Anti-MERS-CoV nsp4 Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK072054 | Anti-MERS-CoV nsp5 Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK072064 | Anti-MERS-CoV nsp6 Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK072074 | Anti-MERS-CoV nsp7 Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK072084 | Anti-MERS-CoV nsp8 Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK072094 | Anti-MERS-CoV nsp9 Polyclonal Antibody |
| VK072104 | Anti-MERS-CoV nsp10 Polyclonal Antibody |
如有疑问，请联系：support@abinscience.com | 了解更多，请访问 www.abinscience.com
与abinScience保持联系，获取最新的病毒学研究解决方案。
[1] Wang N. et al. A MERS-CoV-like mink coronavirus uses ACE2 as an entry receptor. Nature. 2025;642:739–746.
[2] Lu G. et al. Molecular basis of binding between novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV and its receptor CD26. Nature. 2013.
[3] Peeri NC. et al. The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics. Int J Epidemiol. 2020.
[4] Zhou J, et al. (2015). Active replication of MERS-CoV and cytokine responses. J Infect Dis, 211(6), 831–840.
[5] Mahallawi WH, et al. (2018). MERS-CoV infection elicits long-lasting antibody and inflammatory responses. Sci Rep, 8, 17296.
[6] Alosaimi B, et al. (2020). MERS-CoV infection and immune responses in humans. Emerg Microbes Infect, 9(1), 192–201.
[7] Adney DR, et al. (2019). Efficacy of an adjuvanted MERS-CoV vaccine in dromedary camels. Sci Transl Med, 11(523).
[8] CEPI. (2025). New funding for vaccine to protect against deadly MERS coronavirus. Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.
[9] Halfmann PJ, et al. (2025). Merbecovirus S2 subunit vaccines elicit cross-reactive antibodies and provide partial protection against MERS coronavirus. npj Viruses.
[10] Owen DR, et al. (2021). An oral SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor clinical candidate for COVID-19. Science, 374(6575), 1586–1593.
[11] WHO. (2025). MERS-CoV Global Summary and Assessment of Risk. World Health Organization.
[15] Du L, et al. (2016). MERS-CoV spike protein: a key target for antivirals. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 20(2), 131–143.
[16] Alharbi NK, et al. (2019). Challenges in MERS vaccine development. J Infect Dis, 220(3), 346–354.
[21] Widjaja I, et al. (2020). Towards a solution to MERS: protective human monoclonal antibodies targeting different domains and functions of the MERS-coronavirus spike glycoprotein. Emerg Microbes Infect, 9(1), 221–230.
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